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informatica:linux:mail:postfix [2009/04/03 08:35] – 194.179.83.89 | informatica:linux:mail:postfix [2009/11/05 07:47] – editor externo 127.0.0.1 |
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====== Usar un servidor SMTP externo: ====== | ====== Usar un servidor SMTP externo: ====== |
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| ===== Genérico (comprobado Jazztel) ===== |
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Fuente: http://www.howtoforge.com/postfix_relaying_through_another_mailserver \\ | Fuente: http://www.howtoforge.com/postfix_relaying_through_another_mailserver \\ |
A veces nos rechazan los correos porque al tener IP dinámica entran en listas negras, etc...\\ | A veces nos rechazan los correos porque al tener IP dinámica entran en listas negras, etc...\\ |
postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd' | postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd' |
postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_security_options =' | postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_security_options =' |
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echo "smtp.servidorexterno.es usuario:contrasenya" > /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd | echo "smtp.servidorexterno.es usuario:contrasenya" > /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd |
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chown root:root /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd | chown root:root /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd |
chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd | chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd |
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postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd | postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd |
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Cuando enviemos un mail, por ejemplo desde la linea de comandos (para finalizar poner un "." e intro): | Cuando enviemos un correo, por ejemplo desde la linea de comandos: |
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| echo "cuerpo del mensaje" | mail -s "asunto" cuenta@dominio.com |
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| Podemos comprobar en el log: |
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| cat /var/log/mail.log |
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| Salida: |
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| Nov 27 01:27:54 maquina postfix/pickup[4730]: 5655B3ED4: uid=0 from=<root> |
| Nov 27 01:27:54 maquina postfix/cleanup[4819]: 5655B3ED4: message-id=<20081127002754.5655B3ED4@maquina> |
| Nov 27 01:27:54 maquina postfix/qmgr[4731]: 5655B3ED4: from=<root@maquina>, size=316, nrcpt=1 (queue active) |
| Nov 27 01:27:54 maquina postfix/smtp[4821]: 5655B3ED4: to=<cuenta@dominio.com>,relay=smtp.servidorexterno.es [62.14.3.192]:25, delay=0.45, delays=0.02/0.01/0.29/0.14, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK id=1L5Udy-0000f3-Rx) |
| Nov 27 01:27:54 maquina postfix/qmgr[4731]: 5655B3ED4: removed |
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| ===== Gmail ===== |
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| Está probado y funciona, pero el procedimiento paso a paso se perdió, así que lo que aquí consta habría que comprobarlo. |
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| Respecto al procedimiento anterior, dos diferencias: |
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| 1. Se necesita instalar un paquete adicional: |
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| aptitude install libgnutls26 |
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| 2. Detecto que cada X tiempo hay un error de autentificación. Si voy a la interfaz web, la contraseña es correcta, pero me pide un kaptcha, que al ser introducido, vuelve a dejar 'via libre' para el envío de correos desde linea de comandos. |
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| Veamos en el log (/var/log/mail.info) dos ejemplos: |
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| Correo no enviado por error de autentificación: |
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echo "cuerpo del mensaje" | mail -s "asunto" cuenta@dominio.com | <code> |
| Mar 29 06:27:51 nombre_local postfix/qmgr[458]: 0EB085531B: from=<FaxMaster@dominio_local>, size=17250, nrcpt=1 (queue active) |
| Mar 29 06:27:51 nombre_local postfix/smtp[3379]: setting up TLS connection to smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.109]:587 |
| Mar 29 06:27:51 nombre_local postfix/smtp[3379]: certificate verification failed for smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.109]:587: untrusted issuer /C=ZA/ST=Western Cape/L=Cape Town/O=Thawte Consulting cc/OU=Certification Services Division/CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/emailAddress=premium-server@thawte.com |
| Mar 29 06:27:51 nombre_local postfix/smtp[3379]: Untrusted TLS connection established to smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.109]:587: TLSv1 with cipher RC4-MD5 (128/128 bits) |
| Mar 29 06:27:52 nombre_local postfix/smtp[3379]: 0EB085531B: SASL authentication failed; server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.109] said: 535-5.7.1 Username and Password not accepted. Learn more at ?535 5.7.1 http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=14257 7sm3944467eyg.47 |
| Mar 29 06:27:53 nombre_local postfix/smtp[3379]: setting up TLS connection to smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.111]:587 |
| Mar 29 06:27:53 nombre_local postfix/smtp[3379]: certificate verification failed for smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.111]:587: untrusted issuer /C=ZA/ST=Western Cape/L=Cape Town/O=Thawte Consulting cc/OU=Certification Services Division/CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/emailAddress=premium-server@thawte.com |
| Mar 29 06:27:53 nombre_local postfix/smtp[3379]: Untrusted TLS connection established to smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.111]:587: TLSv1 with cipher RC4-MD5 (128/128 bits) |
| Mar 29 06:27:54 nombre_local postfix/smtp[3379]: 0EB085531B: to=<cuenta@dominio.com>, relay=smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.111]:587, delay=248170, delays=248167/0.01/2.7/0, dsn=4.7.1, status=deferred (SASL authentication failed; server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.79.111] said: 535-5.7.1 Username and Password not accepted. Learn more at ?535 5.7.1 http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=14257 10sm3981758eyd.3) |
| </code> |
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Veremos en el log: | Correo enviado correctamente: |
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/var/log/mail.log | <code> |
| Apr 3 09:45:02 nombre_local postfix/pickup[28227]: 41FB3550EB: uid=10 from=<FaxMaster> |
| Apr 3 09:45:02 nombre_local postfix/cleanup[28307]: 41FB3550EB: message-id=<20090403074502.41FB3550EB@nombre_local.localdomain> |
| Apr 3 09:45:02 nombre_local postfix/qmgr[458]: 41FB3550EB: from=<FaxMaster@nombre_local.localdomain>, size=1305, nrcpt=1 (queue active) |
| Apr 3 09:45:02 nombre_local postfix/smtp[28309]: setting up TLS connection to smtp.gmail.com[72.14.221.109]:587 |
| Apr 3 09:45:02 nombre_local postfix/smtp[28309]: certificate verification failed for smtp.gmail.com[72.14.221.109]:587: untrusted issuer /C=ZA/ST=Western Cape/L=Cape Town/O=Thawte Consulting cc/OU=Certification Services Division/CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/emailAddress=premium-server@thawte.com |
| Apr 3 09:45:02 nombre_local postfix/smtp[28309]: Untrusted TLS connection established to smtp.gmail.com[72.14.221.109]:587: TLSv1 with cipher RC4-MD5 (128/128 bits) |
| Apr 3 09:45:05 nombre_local postfix/smtp[28309]: 41FB3550EB: to=<cuenta@dominio.com>, relay=smtp.gmail.com[72.14.221.109]:587, delay=3.1, delays=0.05/0.01/1.5/1.6, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1238744926 d6sm3590039fga.17) |
| Apr 3 09:45:05 nombre_local postfix/qmgr[458]: 41FB3550EB: removed |
| </code> |
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Nov 27 01:27:54 quixot postfix/pickup[4730]: 5655B3ED4: uid=0 from=<root> | Hay que ir revisando este tema |
Nov 27 01:27:54 quixot postfix/cleanup[4819]: 5655B3ED4: message-id=<20081127002754.5655B3ED4@quixot> | |
Nov 27 01:27:54 quixot postfix/qmgr[4731]: 5655B3ED4: from=<root@quixot>, size=316, nrcpt=1 (queue active) | |
Nov 27 01:27:54 quixot postfix/smtp[4821]: 5655B3ED4: to=<jose@legido.com>,relay=smtp.servidorexterno.es [62.14.3.192]:25, delay=0.45, delays=0.02/0.01/0.29/0.14, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK id=1L5Udy-0000f3-Rx) | |
Nov 27 01:27:54 quixot postfix/qmgr[4731]: 5655B3ED4: removed | |