Legido Wiki

/srv/www/docroot

1. Crear proyecto:

django-admin.py startproject project1

└── project1
    ├── manage.py
    └── project1
        ├── __init__.py
        ├── settings.py
        ├── urls.py
        └── wsgi.py

2. Motor SGBD

vim settings.py

3. Crear aplicacion:

cd project
python manage.py startapp app1

├── app1
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py
├── manage.py
└── project1
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── __init__.pyc
    ├── settings.py
    ├── settings.pyc
    ├── urls.py
    └── wsgi.py

4. Crear modelos:

A mano:

vim app1/models.py

O 'extraerlo' de una bd ya existente. Luego hay que pulir un poco:

python manage.py inspectdb >> app1/models.py

5. Activar modelo (seccion 'INSTALLED_APPS')

vim settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'app1',
)

6. Crear bd y tablas:

python manage.py syncdb

7. Ingesta:

python manage.py loaddata app1/sql/regional.csv.json

8. Arrancar el servido:

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080

1

vim settings.py

Descomentar 'django.contrib.admin' en 'INSTALLED_APPS'

2

python manage.py syncdb

3

vim urls.py

Descomentar las siguientes lineas:

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

    (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

2.1 Crear:

vim app1/admin.py

Con el siguiente contenido:

from app1.models import Tabla1
from django.contrib import admin

admin.site.register(Tabla1)

1. Instalar paquetes:

sudo aptitude install python-flup nginx

2. Configurar nginx:

sudo mv /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.old
sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user javi javi;

worker_processes  2;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error_log info;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include     /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type    application/octet-stream;

    log_format main
        '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
            '"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
        '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
        '"$gzip_ratio"';

    client_header_timeout   10m;
    client_body_timeout 10m;
    send_timeout        10m;

    connection_pool_size        256;
    client_header_buffer_size   1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 2k;
    request_pool_size       4k;

    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1100;
    gzip_buffers    4 8k;
    gzip_types  text/plain;

    output_buffers  1 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;

    sendfile    on;
    tcp_nopush  on;
    tcp_nodelay on;

    keepalive_timeout   75 20;

    ignore_invalid_headers  on;
    index index.html;

server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        location /media {
            root /srv/test.facsimile/branches/1.1/proyecto2/media;
        }
        location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|pdf|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf|js|mov) {
            access_log   off;
            expires      30d;
        }
        location / {
            # host and port to fastcgi server
            fastcgi_pass 0.0.0.0:8080;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
            fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
            fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
            fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
            fastcgi_pass_header Authorization;
            fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
            }
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/localhost.access_log main;
        error_log   /var/log/nginx/localhost.error_log;
    }
}

Parametros a cambiar:

-Usuario que ejecuta nginx:

user javi javi;

-(Opcional) ruta a directorios multimedia (se puede eliminar)

        server_name localhost;
        location /media {
            root /srv/test.facsimile/branches/1.1/proyecto2/media;
        }

- Direccion ip y puerto en el que escucha django

fastcgi_pass 0.0.0.0:8080;

3. Arrancar django

Suponiendo que el directorio donde este el proyecto sea '/srv/test.facsimile/branches/1.1/proyecto2/':

cd /srv/test.facsimile/branches/1.1/proyecto2/; python manage.py runfcgi method=threaded host=0.0.0.0 port=8080

4. Arrancar nginx:

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

5. Probar:

http://localhost/accion_1

Nginx redirige la peticion a:

http://localhost:8080/accion_1

TODO

python manage.py collectstatic

QuerySet

Tabla1.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2006)

1. Download the latest release from our download page.

2. Untar the downloaded file (e.g. tar xzvf Django-X.Y.tar.gz, where X.Y is the version number of the latest release). If you're using Windows, you can download the command-line tool bsdtar to do this, or you can use a GUI-based tool such as 7-zip.

3. Change into the directory created in step 2 (e.g. cd Django-X.Y).

4. If you're using Linux, Mac OS X or some other flavor of Unix, enter the command sudo python setup.py install at the shell prompt. If you're using Windows, start a command shell with administrator privileges and run the command python setup.py install. This will install Django in your Python installation's site-packages directory.

python setup.py install

1. Nos metemos dentro de un directorio fuera del docroot de apache:

cd /srv

2. Creamos el proyecto (utilizo sudo porque no tengo permisos en este directorio):

sudo django-admin.py startproject sms_project
sudo chown -R usuario:usuario sms_project

3. Creamos la app:

cd /srv/sms_project
python manage.py startapp sms_app

4. Creamos una vista por defecto (hello world). Editamos:

vim /srv/sms_project/sms_app

Y la dejamos tal que asi:

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the sms index.")

5. Creamos una regla para que por defecto todas las peticiones que apunten a 'sms_app' muestren la vista 'index'. Editamos:

vim /srv/sms_project/sms_app/urls.py

Y la dejamos tal que asi:

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

from sms_app import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='index')
)

6. Creamos una regla para que cuando el servidor web reciba peticiones para “sms_app/” cargue el modulo “/srv/sms_project/sms_app/urls.py”

Editamos:

vim /srv/sms_project/sms_project/urls.py

Y la dejamos tal que asi:

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^sms_app/', include('sms_app.urls')),
)

7. Arrancamos el servidor de prueba:

cd /srv/sms_project; python manage.py runserver

8. Pedimos una pagina web:

elinks http://localhost:8000/sms/sms_app/

Deberia responder:

Hello, world. You're at the sms index.

Configuracion general de apache. Escenario:

1. Instalar libapache2-mod-wsgi:

sudo aptitude update; sudo aptitude install libapache2-mod-wsgi

2. Habilitar modulo:

sudo a2enmod wsgi

3. Deshabilitar sitio por defecto:

sudo a2dissite 000-default 

4. Crear un nuevo sitio:

sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/django 

Y dejarlo tal que asi:

<VirtualHost *:443>
        ServerName django.example.com
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /srv/www/docroot

        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile    /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

        WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/www/docroot/project1/project1/wsgi.py
        WSGIDaemonProcess django.example.com python-path=/srv/www/docroot/project1:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
        WSGIProcessGroup django.example.com

        <Directory /srv/www/docroot/project1>
                <Files wsgi.py>
                        Order deny,allow
                        #Require all granted
                        Allow from all
                </Files>
        </Directory>

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/django.example.com.error.log

        # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
        # alert, emerg.
        LogLevel warn

        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/django.example.com.access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

5. Habilitar el sitio:

sudo a2ensite django

6. Recargar apache:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

Lo primero configurar la BD:

vim /srv/www/docroot/project1/project1/settings.py

Y editar las siguientes lineas:

...
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        'NAME': 'django',                      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        'USER': 'asterisk',                      # Not used with sqlite3.
        'PASSWORD': 'xxxxxx',                  # Not used with sqlite3.
        'HOST': 'mysql-1.dev.jj.com',                      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        'PORT': '',                      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    }
}
...

Crea BBDD y las tablas a partir del modelo. Si 'model.py' no existe y se habilita el sistema de autenticacion de Django creara unas tablas:

cd /srv/sms_project; python manage.py syncdb

Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site

Crear cuenta superusuario:

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'usuario'): 
E-mail address: javi@legido.com
Password: 
Password (again): 
Superuser created successfully.

AVISO: sobreescribiremos el archivo ya existente. Si queremos crear el modelo a partir de una BBDD que ya exista:

cd /srv/www/docroot/project1; python manage.py inspectdb >> app1/models.py

NOTA: si la BBDD es muy compleja probablemente habra que retocar 'model.py' (tipicamente cambiar el orden de las clases)

cd /srv/sms_project; python manage.py shell

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/?from=olddocs#built-in-forms

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/customizing/

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/howto/auth-remote-user/

1. Incluir la app en settings:

vim /srv/www/docroot/project1/project1/settings.py

Y anyadir la siguiente linea en “INSTALLED_APPS”:

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    ...
    'app1',
)

2. Ejemplo de uso:

/srv/www/docroot/project1/app1/views.py

def invoice_query(request):
    ...
    return render_to_response('template1.html',d,\
                                            context_instance=RequestContext(request))

Que tomara la plantilla de la siguiente ruta:

/srv/www/docroot/project1/app1/templates/template1.html

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/i18n/translation/#url-internationalization

• Estructura de archivos implicados en la internacionalizacion:

.
+-- project1
|   +-- __init__.py
|   +-- settings.py
|   +-- urls.py
|   +-- wsgi.py
+-- app1
|   +-- admin.py
|   +-- forms.py
|   +-- __init__.py
|   +-- locale
|   |   +-- es
|   |       +-- LC_MESSAGES
|   |           +-- django.mo
|   |           +-- django.po
|   +-- models.py
|   +-- tests.py
|   +-- urls.py
|   +-- views.py
+-- manage.py

• Requisitos para habilitar internacionalizacion:

project1/settings.py

...
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'app1',
)
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    ...
    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
)
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True

• Ejemplo de archivo de texto donde se definen las variables a traducir:

app1/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-02-18 08:58+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#: views.py:43
msgid "Hello"
msgstr "Hola en catala"

• Para generar esos archivos para todos los idiomas previamente definidos segun el arbol anterior:

django-admin.py makemessages -a
processing locale en
processing locale es
processing locale ca

• Una vez editados los .po para generar los binarios, los .mo:

django-admin.py compilemessagesprocessing file django.po in /srv/www/incasol/incasolproj/invoices/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES
processing file django.po in /srv/www/project/project/app/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES
processing file django.po in /srv/www/project/project/app/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES

IMPORTANTE: tras compilar mensajes hay que reiniciar el servidor de paginas web para que los cambios tomen efecto

• Ejemplo de uso en vista:

app1/views.py

from django.template import RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _

def test(request, ):
    output = _("Hello"),' - ',  request.LANGUAGE_CODE
    return HttpResponse(output)

• Ejemplo de uso en template:

{% load i18n %}

{% trans "invoice_query" as invoice_query %}

<p>{{ invoice_query }}</p>

En este ejemplo cambiamos el lenguaje en una vista en funcion de un parametro que llega via GET:

http://example.com?newLang=ca

app1/views.py

from django.template import RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from invoices.models import Expedient, RawSqlQueries
from forms import InvoiceForm
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _, activate

def test(request):
    lang = request.GET.get('newLang')
    activate(lang)
    output = _("Hello"),' - ',  request.LANGUAGE_CODE, ' - ',\
             request.session['django_language']
    return HttpResponse(output)

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/http/sessions/

• En archivos

docroot/project1/project1/settings.py

SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.file"

Para saber el directorio por defecto donde almacena los archivos temporales, siempre que 'SESSION_FILE_PATH' NO se haya especificado:

python -c "import tempfile; print tempfile.gettempdir()"