Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- informatica:microservers [2020/11/08 16:13] – jose
+++ informatica:microservers [2020/12/16 00:15] (current) – jose
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
+===== Poner IP fija: =====
+  /etc/network/interfaces
+<code>
+allow-hotplug eno1
+iface eno1 inet static
+address 192.168.1.76
+netmask 255.255.255.0
+gateway 192.168.1.1
+dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
+</code>
 ====== ILO ======
@@ Line 105: / Line 115: @@
 ===== Configuración del RAID =====
-blkid
+==== Formatear los discos ====
+Vemos como están las particiones:
+  fdisk -l
+<code>
+Disk /dev/sda: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
+Disk model: ST8000DM004-2CX1
+Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
+I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
+Disklabel type: gpt
+Disk identifier: 02ED88CD-1EBC-445B-89DB-6522BEB7EA03
+Device     Start         End     Sectors  Size Type
+/dev/sda1   2048 15628053134 15628051087  7.3T Linux RAID
+</code>
+<code>
+Disk /dev/sdc: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
+Disk model: ST8000DM004-2CX1
+Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
+I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
+</code>
+<code>
+Disk /dev/sde: 111.8 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors
+Disk model: KINGSTON SA400S3
+Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
+I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
+Disklabel type: dos
+Disk identifier: 0x57311578
+Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
+/dev/sde1  *         2048 200959999 200957952 95.8G 83 Linux
+/dev/sde2       200962046 234440703  33478658   16G  5 Extended
+/dev/sde5       200962048 234440703  33478656   16G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
+</code>
+<code>
+Disk /dev/sdd: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
+Disk model: ST8000DM004-2CX1
+Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
+I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
+</code>
+<code>
+Disk /dev/sdb: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
+Disk model: ST8000DM004-2CX1
+Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
+I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
+</code>
+<code>
+Disk /dev/sdf: 29.3 GiB, 31444697088 bytes, 61415424 sectors
+Disk model: Internal SD-CARD
+Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
+I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
+Disklabel type: dos
+Disk identifier: 0xeefb95d3
+Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
+/dev/sdf1  *    16384 61415423 61399040 29.3G 83 Linux
+</code>
+Tenemos 4 discos de 8Tb Tenemos que poner label GPT y crear una partición como linux raid
+Creamos label GPT seleccionando g:
+  fdisk /dev/sda
+<code>
+Command (m for help): g
+Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 99B4091D-BC19-D542-9331-B99666D7F464).
+The old dos signature will be removed by a write command.
+</code>
+Ahora creamos la partición y luego modificamos a LINUX RAID
+  root@nas:~# fdisk /dev/sda
+<code>
+Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
+Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
+Be careful before using the write command.
+Command (m for help): p
+Disk /dev/sdd: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
+Disk model: ST8000DM004-2CX1
+Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
+I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
+Disklabel type: gpt
+Disk identifier: 99B4091D-BC19-D542-9331-B99666D7F464
+Command (m for help): n
+Partition number (1-128, default 1):
+First sector (2048-15628053134, default 2048):
+Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-15628053134, default 15628053134):
+Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 7.3 TiB.
+Command (m for help): t
+Selected partition 1
+Partition type (type L to list all types): 29
+Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux RAID'.
+Command (m for help): w
+The partition table has been altered.
+Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
+Syncing disks.
+</code>
+Nos tienen que quedar así:
+  root@nas:~# blkid
+<code>
+/dev/sde1: UUID="d89fcee2-25a7-4c9f-a307-f84d9eb5269d" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="57311578-01"
+/dev/sde5: UUID="ec8c87b5-7c08-4552-8c4a-189a29c0220c" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="57311578-05"
+/dev/sda1: UUID="fe89990a-d658-a1bc-0f69-c4cb06191398" UUID_SUB="c4914342-9da4-1485-cf6a-23fc22bb65cd" LABEL="nas:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member" PARTUUID="861fdab6-092b-554e-94ad-cc6904040338"
+/dev/sdb1: UUID="fe89990a-d658-a1bc-0f69-c4cb06191398" UUID_SUB="6f3cad1b-1c99-f179-6aef-4b7944bff122" LABEL="nas:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member" PARTUUID="8b3890a4-39e0-9344-bf3c-2564f2178cf8"
+/dev/sdc1: UUID="fe89990a-d658-a1bc-0f69-c4cb06191398" UUID_SUB="d8fa217c-cbb5-a06a-7282-2167bc504ca7" LABEL="nas:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member" PARTUUID="b6c7c5d5-ef51-574f-8932-46b7094af9c8"
+/dev/sdd1: UUID="fe89990a-d658-a1bc-0f69-c4cb06191398" UUID_SUB="c0a4c476-0869-c721-1c41-cd0616840a41" LABEL="nas:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member" PARTUUID="e02f4317-a109-fd43-94fc-f68f28cf232a"
+/dev/sdf1: LABEL="REAR-000" UUID="952ad047-3dd0-44f8-ad2a-61c2b6c324c7" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" PARTUUID="eefb95d3-01"
+</code>
+==== Crear el RAID ====
+En este caso ya teníamos un RAID y primero hay que borrarlo porque se queda colgado:
+  root@nas:~# cat /proc/mdstat
+<code>
+Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
+md127 : inactive sda1[0](S)
+      7813893447 blocks super 1.2
+unused devices: <none>
+</code>
+Lo borramos:
+  root@nas:~#  mdadm --stop /dev/md127
+  mdadm: stopped /dev/md127
+Ahora si lo podemos crear:
+  root@nas:~# mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --raid-devices=4 --level=raid5 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
+<code>
+mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
+mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
+mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
+mdadm: /dev/sda1 appears to be part of a raid array:
+       level=raid5 devices=4 ctime=Wed Nov 25 15:41:12 2020
+mdadm: size set to 7813893120K
+mdadm: automatically enabling write-intent bitmap on large array
+Continue creating array? y
+mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
+mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
+</code>
+Montamos el RAID por UUID
+  blkid
 <code>
@@ Line 158: / Line 337: @@
 ===== Pruebas de recuperación =====
+===== Recuperación Sistema Operativo =====
 El disco de arranque es un disco sólido de 120Gb
@@ Line 240: / Line 420: @@
 Vemos que ha escrito en la tarjeta:
+<code>
 lost+found
 boot
@@ Line 284: / Line 464: @@
 nas/VERSION
 nas/README
+</code>
 Reiniciamos y arrancamos desde la tarjeta pulsando F11:
@@ Line 302: / Line 484: @@
 Pulsamos siempre 1) por defecto en todas las preguntas, al no ser que queremos hacer algún cambio, como los layouts, por si el disco destino es mas pequeño de tamaño.
+Tarda un minuto
 Cuando acabe, reiniciamos y ya lo tenemos recuperado.
+===== Recuperación Raid =====
+Tenemos 4 discos en RAID 5.
+Miramos los discos que hay:
+  cat /proc/mdstat
+<code>
+Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10]
+md0 : active raid5 sdb1[2] sda1[0] sdc1[1] sdd1[3]
+      23441679360 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]
+      [>....................]  resync =  3.5% (277980108/7813893120) finish=43149.1min speed=2910K/sec
+      bitmap: 58/59 pages [232KB], 65536KB chunk
+unused devices: <none>
+</code>
+Mas detalle:
+  mdadm --detail /dev/md0
+<code>
+/dev/md0:
+           Version : 1.2
+     Creation Time : Tue Sep 15 00:16:25 2020
+        Raid Level : raid5
+        Array Size : 23441679360 (22355.73 GiB 24004.28 GB)
+     Used Dev Size : 7813893120 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
+      Raid Devices : 4
+     Total Devices : 4
+       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
+     Intent Bitmap : Internal
+       Update Time : Sun Nov  8 17:16:25 2020
+             State : active, resyncing
+    Active Devices : 4
+   Working Devices : 4
+    Failed Devices : 0
+     Spare Devices : 0
+            Layout : left-symmetric
+        Chunk Size : 512K
+Consistency Policy : bitmap
+     Resync Status : 3% complete
+              Name : nas:0  (local to host nas)
+              UUID : ba93d654:1e004b85:b2f1f993:0af9cc43
+            Events : 3722
+    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
+       8        1        0      active sync   /dev/sda1
+       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
+       8       17        2      active sync   /dev/sdb1
+       8       49        3      active sync   /dev/sdd1
+</code>
+Quitamos un disco a saco como si fallara:
+  cat /proc/mdstat
+<code>
+Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10]
+md0 : active raid5 sdb1[2] sda1[0] sdc1[1]
+      23441679360 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_]
+      bitmap: 58/59 pages [232KB], 65536KB chunk
+unused devices: <none>
+</code>
+  mdadm --detail /dev/md0
+<code>
+/dev/md0:
+           Version : 1.2
+     Creation Time : Tue Sep 15 00:16:25 2020
+        Raid Level : raid5
+        Array Size : 23441679360 (22355.73 GiB 24004.28 GB)
+     Used Dev Size : 7813893120 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
+      Raid Devices : 4
+     Total Devices : 3
+       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
+     Intent Bitmap : Internal
+       Update Time : Sun Nov  8 17:28:03 2020
+             State : clean, degraded
+    Active Devices : 3
+   Working Devices : 3
+    Failed Devices : 0
+     Spare Devices : 0
+            Layout : left-symmetric
+        Chunk Size : 512K
+Consistency Policy : bitmap
+              Name : nas:0  (local to host nas)
+              UUID : ba93d654:1e004b85:b2f1f993:0af9cc43
+            Events : 4069
+    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
+       8        1        0      active sync   /dev/sda1
+       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
+       8       17        2      active sync   /dev/sdb1
+       -       0        0        3      removed
+</code>
+Paramos el servidor y metemos el disco nuevo. Al arrancar está igual:
+  cat /proc/mdstat
+<code>
+Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10]
+md0 : active raid5 sdb1[2] sda1[0] sdc1[1]
+      23441679360 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_]
+      bitmap: 58/59 pages [232KB], 65536KB chunk
+unused devices: <none>
+</code>
+  mdadm --detail /dev/md0
+<code>
+/dev/md0:
+           Version : 1.2
+     Creation Time : Tue Sep 15 00:16:25 2020
+        Raid Level : raid5
+        Array Size : 23441679360 (22355.73 GiB 24004.28 GB)
+     Used Dev Size : 7813893120 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
+      Raid Devices : 4
+     Total Devices : 3
+       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
+     Intent Bitmap : Internal
+       Update Time : Sun Nov  8 17:43:17 2020
+             State : active, degraded
+    Active Devices : 3
+   Working Devices : 3
+    Failed Devices : 0
+     Spare Devices : 0
+            Layout : left-symmetric
+        Chunk Size : 512K
+Consistency Policy : bitmap
+              Name : nas:0  (local to host nas)
+              UUID : ba93d654:1e004b85:b2f1f993:0af9cc43
+            Events : 4236
+    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
+       8        1        0      active sync   /dev/sda1
+       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
+       8       17        2      active sync   /dev/sdb1
+       -       0        0        3      removed
+</code>
+Lo añadimos:
+  mdadm  /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdd
+  mdadm: added /dev/sdd
+Vemos que hace el rebuild:
+  mdadm --detail /dev/md0
+<code>
+/dev/md0:
+           Version : 1.2
+     Creation Time : Tue Sep 15 00:16:25 2020
+        Raid Level : raid5
+        Array Size : 23441679360 (22355.73 GiB 24004.28 GB)
+     Used Dev Size : 7813893120 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
+      Raid Devices : 4
+     Total Devices : 4
+       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
+     Intent Bitmap : Internal
+       Update Time : Sun Nov  8 17:47:59 2020
+             State : active, degraded, recovering
+    Active Devices : 3
+   Working Devices : 4
+    Failed Devices : 0
+     Spare Devices : 1
+            Layout : left-symmetric
+        Chunk Size : 512K
+Consistency Policy : bitmap
+    Rebuild Status : 0% complete
+              Name : nas:0  (local to host nas)
+              UUID : ba93d654:1e004b85:b2f1f993:0af9cc43
+            Events : 4454
+    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
+       8        1        0      active sync   /dev/sda1
+       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
+       8       17        2      active sync   /dev/sdb1
+       8       48        3      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdd
+</code>
+Al mirar el estado, indica que tardará 8.000 minutos (mas de 5 días) en sincronizar:
+  cat /proc/mdstat
+<code>
+Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10]
+md0 : active raid5 sdd[4] sdb1[2] sda1[0] sdc1[1]
+      23441679360 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_]
+      [>....................]  recovery =  0.0% (1023064/7813893120) finish=8019.4min speed=16236K/sec
+      bitmap: 58/59 pages [232KB], 65536KB chunk
+unused devices: <none>
+</code>